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Sodium hypochlorite is one form of chlorine used for water disinfection. It can be manufactured in most locations since it can be obtained through the electrolysis of salt water. Bottles can be purchased for household water treatment from many manufacturers in various sizes. Chlorine concentrations range from 0.5 to 10% and each product should have its own instructions for correct dosing of contaminated water. Liquid household bleach also contains sodium hypochlorite, and is widely available.

Chlorine forms hydrochloric acid when added to water which causes chemical reactions which deactivate contaminants and reacts through oxidization with micro-organisms, organic matter, manganese, iron and hydrogen sulphide.