Difference between revisions of "手钻-三脚架钻井机"

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{{Language-box|english_link= Hand auger - Vonder rig | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=手钻-三脚架钻井机 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}
 
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[[Image:Vonder rig in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px|正在搭建三脚架钻井机]]
 
[[Image:Vonder rig in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px|正在搭建三脚架钻井机]]
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三脚架钻井机是一种[[Hand auger - general|手钻]]的方式，它包含重型三脚架、绞车和工作台。这种方式在津巴布韦和非洲撒哈拉以南地区广泛使用。切削刀具（钻头）通过旋转钻入地下，然后抽出并去除挖出物。重复操作直到达到了理想的深度。
 
三脚架钻井机是一种[[Hand auger - general|手钻]]的方式，它包含重型三脚架、绞车和工作台。这种方式在津巴布韦和非洲撒哈拉以南地区广泛使用。切削刀具（钻头）通过旋转钻入地下，然后抽出并去除挖出物。重复操作直到达到了理想的深度。
  
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===Construction, operations and maintenance===
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===修建、运作和维护===
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[[Image:Diagram of a vonder rig.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Diagram of a vonder rig. Credit: WEDC.]]
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[[Image:Diagram of a vonder rig.jpg|thumb|right|200px|三脚架钻井机的图示. 图片来源: WEDC.]]
  
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The Vonder rig makes use of a tripod and working table and is therefore more expensive than the conventional augering tools. However, use of the worktable and tripod ensure a straight borehole.
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三脚架钻井机使用三脚架和工作台，因此比传统的工具更贵，但同时也能保证垂直钻井。
  
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Equipment is commercially produced by V&W engineering in Zimbabwe. Local production is possible.
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设备由津巴布韦的V&W公司生产。也可以在当地生产。
  
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====Suppliers====
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====供应商====
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[[Image:Work table and auger bit.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Work table and auger bit.]]
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[[Image:Work table and auger bit.jpg|thumb|right|200px|工作台和钻头.]]
  
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* V&W Engineering Ltd, Zimbabwe (49 Leyland Road, P.O.Box 131,Harare). - Produces the Vonder rig.
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* V&W Engineering Ltd, 津巴布韦 (49 Leyland Road, P.O.Box 131,Harare). - 生产三脚架钻井机.
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* [http://www.vrm.nl/ Van Reekum Materials], Netherlands - Drilling equipment, hand auger and percussion drilling
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* [http://www.vrm.nl/ Van Reekum Materials], 荷兰 - 钻井设备、手钻和冲击钻
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* [https://en.eijkelkamp.com/ Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment], Netherlands - Drilling equipment and manuals on hand auger and percussion gouges.
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* [https://en.eijkelkamp.com/ Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment], 荷兰 - 钻井设备以及手钻和冲击圆凿的指南.
  
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===Field experiences===
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===实地经验===
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The vonder rig is widely used in Malawi, Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
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三脚架钻井机在马拉维、肯尼亚、南非和津巴布韦广泛使用。
  
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===Manuals, videos and links===
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===指南、视频和链接===
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* KOEGEL, R. (1985) Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome.ISBN 92-5-100398-X [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm html version].  
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* KOEGEL, R. (1985) 自助式水井, FAO 灌溉和排水论文, FAO, Rome.ISBN 92-5-100398-X [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm html version].  
  
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* CARTER, R. C. (2005) Human-Powered Drilling Technologies. an overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow small diameter well construction, for domestic and agricultural water supply , Silsoe College , Cranfield University , Bedfordshire, UK [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Download]
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* CARTER, R. C. (2005) 人工钻井技术.人工修建小型浅层水井的技术及家用或农业用水供应概况, Silsoe College , Cranfield University , Bedfordshire, UK [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 下载]
  
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* 'Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling', Cranfield University, 2001. Article on private sector participation in low cost water well drilling in Africa. [https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/3038/1/Private%20Sector%20Participation%20in%20Low%20Cost%20Water%20Well%20Drilling-2001.pdf Download].
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* “低成本钻井中私有企业的参与”, Cranfield University, 2001. 有关非洲低成本钻井中私有企业的参与的文章. [https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/3038/1/Private%20Sector%20Participation%20in%20Low%20Cost%20Water%20Well%20Drilling-2001.pdf 下载].
  
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* Rural Water Supply Network - Useful network and website for information and downloads related to Rural Water Technologies - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling Hand drilled wells]. General [http://www.rural-water-supply.net website].
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* 农村水供应网络-提供农村用水技术信息与相关下载的实用互助网和网站 - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/人工钻井]. 常规 [http://www.rural-water-supply.net website].
  
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* Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps, Peter Wurzel, Skat, Switzerland, 2001 - A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 Download]. Website of [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]
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* 使用手泵钻井, Peter Wurzel, Skat, 瑞士, 2001 - 这本书讲述水文地质学、修井、钻井技术和建井工程 - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 Download]. [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]网站
  
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* Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa, M. Sonau, FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques - [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm website]. Website of [http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO documents].
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* 西非低成本管井的修建, M. Sonau, FAO - 浅层管井技术概况 - [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm website].[http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO documents]网站.
  
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* Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods, Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, WEDC - An overview of simple drilling methods [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf Download]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University Technical Briefs section]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University WELLS].
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* 技术报告43. 简易钻井方法, Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, WEDC - 简易钻井方法概况[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 下载]. [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University Technical Briefs section]网站.[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University WELLS]网站.
  
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* A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series, UNICEF, 1999 - Programming and implementation. [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf Download].
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* 世界水资源, 技术报告系列, UNICEF, 1999 - 计划和实施. [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf 下载].
  
 
* [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 Technology notes, section 7; Tube wells and boreholes], WaterAid - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org].
 
* [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 Technology notes, section 7; Tube wells and boreholes], WaterAid - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org].
  
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* Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater International].
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* 世界水资源, 技术报告系列 rws 2, USAID 1982 - 开发地下水方法和人工钻井技术报告. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater International].
  
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* Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations, [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf field manual chapter 9, US Military], alternative well construction, manual drilling techniques.
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* 钻井操作的多重业务流程, [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf field manual chapter 9, US Military], 其他建井和人工钻井技术.
  
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===Acknowledgements===
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===鸣谢===
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* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling manual drilling section].
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* 本页的材料源于即将在[http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation]网站以及[http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network]中发表的初步研究, 尤其是其中的[http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling 人工钻井部分].

Latest revision as of 11:35, 20 October 2015

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Drilling icon.png
正在搭建三脚架钻井机

三脚架钻井机是一种手钻的方式，它包含重型三脚架、绞车和工作台。这种方式在津巴布韦和非洲撒哈拉以南地区广泛使用。切削刀具（钻头）通过旋转钻入地下，然后抽出并去除挖出物。重复操作直到达到了理想的深度。

三脚架钻井机在80年代初期被发明，并在津巴布韦进行制造。

适宜条件

三脚架钻井机适合疏松地层，如泥沙和软土。而硬土、硬材料和砂砾不容易或不可能凿穿或移动（除非联合使用螺旋钻和冲击钻).


优势 劣势
- 能保证垂直钻井
 - 使用的工具比传统的手钻工具更贵

- 比其他方法更慢

修建、运作和维护

三脚架钻井机的图示. 图片来源: WEDC.

三脚架钻井机使用三脚架和工作台，因此比传统的工具更贵，但同时也能保证垂直钻井。

设备由津巴布韦的V&W公司生产。也可以在当地生产。

供应商

工作台和钻头.
  • V&W Engineering Ltd, 津巴布韦 (49 Leyland Road, P.O.Box 131,Harare). - 生产三脚架钻井机.
  • Van Reekum Materials, 荷兰 - 钻井设备、手钻和冲击钻
  • Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, 荷兰 - 钻井设备以及手钻和冲击圆凿的指南.

实地经验

三脚架钻井机在马拉维、肯尼亚、南非和津巴布韦广泛使用。

指南、视频和链接

  • CARTER, R. C. (2005) 人工钻井技术.人工修建小型浅层水井的技术及家用或农业用水供应概况, Silsoe College , Cranfield University , Bedfordshire, UK 下载
  • “低成本钻井中私有企业的参与”, Cranfield University, 2001. 有关非洲低成本钻井中私有企业的参与的文章. 下载.
  • 农村水供应网络-提供农村用水技术信息与相关下载的实用互助网和网站 - [1]. 常规 website.
  • 使用手泵钻井, Peter Wurzel, Skat, 瑞士, 2001 - 这本书讲述水文地质学、修井、钻井技术和建井工程 - Download. SKAT网站
  • 西非低成本管井的修建, M. Sonau, FAO - 浅层管井技术概况 - website.FAO documents网站.
  • 世界水资源, 技术报告系列, UNICEF, 1999 - 计划和实施. 下载.

鸣谢

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