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Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Catchment and storage dams

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[[Image:dam icon.png|right|80px|]]

[[Image:Catchment dam.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Turkana men and women build a dam on the river Lokitaung in northern Kenya. Photo by AFP/Simon Maina.]]

__NOTOC__ <small-title />

Water can be made available by damming a natural rainwater '''catchment ''' area, such as a valley, and storing the water in the reservoir formed by the dam, or diverting it to another reservoir. Important parameters in the planning of dams are: the annual rainfall and evaporation pattern; the present use and runoff coefficient of the catchment area (e.g. bare rock catchments have high runoff coefficients, around 0.9); water demand; and the geology and geography of the catchment area and building site.

'''Dams ''' can consist of raised banks of compacted earth (usually with an impermeable clay core, stone aprons and a spillway to discharge excess runoff), open rock reservoir catchments, and masonry or concrete (reinforced or not).

Open reservoirs behind a retaining structure have storage capacities ranging from 20 – 4,000 m³. Alternatively, a volume of water could be stored directly into covered storage tanks that collect water directly from the catchment.

===Field experiences===

<br>{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 7040%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"<!--rsr logo here-->|- style="vertical-align: top" |[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr /]]<!--project blocks here-->|- style="vertical-align: bottom"|[[Image:project 440.jpg|thumb|nonecenter|200px140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/440/ RSR Project 440]<br>Raising awareness on rainwater harvesting</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/440/]]|'''Akvo RSR Project[[Image:''' project 427.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org//project/440427/ Raising awareness on rainwater harvestingRSR Project 427]Uganda still has a lot to do in order to meet the MDG on water and sanitation. Rainwater harvesting is a viable option for the provision <br>Scale up of clean water but has been greatly down-played by the ministry of water and development actorsSustainable Water Access</center></font>|link=http://rsr. Uganda Rainwater Association has been advocating for its promotion and RAIN Foundation came in to support URWA in these activitiesakvo.org//project/427/ ]]

|}

 {| style="width: 70%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5;"|[[Image:rsr 427.jpg|thumb|none|200px|<font size="2"br><center>Project 427</center></font>|link=http://wandelenvoorwater2014.akvoapp.org/en/project/427/]]|'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [http://wandelenvoorwater2014.akvoapp.org/en/project/427/ Scale up of Sustainable Water Access]This project targets to scale up water access in Namanga, Central and Mashuru which together form Kajiado Central and Mashuru Districts. It is envisaged to use the momentum of the foregoing projects and of new multi-stakeholder initiatives in the area for achieving sustainable water access in the proposed collaboration between WML, Aqua for All and AMREF.|}

===Manuals, videos and links===

===Acknowledgements===

* Brikke, François, and Bredero, Maarten. [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/117705 Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation: A reference document for planners and project staff] or ([http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/om/wsh9241562153/en alternative link]). World Health Organization and IRC Water and Sanitation Centre. Geneva, Switzerland 2003.

* CARE Nederland, Desk Study [[Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas]]. October 2010.

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