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Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water

581 bytes removed, 21:08, 30 May 2020

→‎Surface water links

{{Language-box|english_link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water |french_link=Eaux superficielles | spanish_link=Aguas superficiales | hindi_link=वाटर पोर्टल / वर्षाजल संचयन / सतही जल | malayalam_link=ഉപരിതല ജലം | swahili_link=coming soon | korean_link=지표수 | chinese_link=地表水（中文） | indonesian_link=Panen Air Hujan / Air Permukaan | japanese_link= 地表水 }} Rainwater that is not captured directly, used by agriculture, or absorbed into the ground becomes surface water. '''Surface water ''' harvesting includes all systems that collect and conserve surface runoff after a rainstorm or in intermittent streams, rivers, or wetlands for storage in open ponds and reservoirs. This can provide water for direct household use (treatment is generally required), irrigation, livestock, and aquaculture. Storage can also be the goal of collecting surface water, whether through open reservoirs or direct infiltration to aquifers below ground. Storing water in an aquifer conserves water better as it prevents evaporation, unlike open reservoir systems.

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'''Climate change considerations'''<br>

Cement made for water collecting structures, in a time of drought, can be made poorly due to less (or polluted) water used in the cement-making process. Higher heat from climate change will increase evaporation rates in reservoirs, or floods may damage infrastructure and increase runoff volumes. These effects and more are listed and tips are given to adapt the water system to climate change conditions.

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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Springwater collection | Springwater collection]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Protected side intake | Protected side intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake | River-bottom intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake | Floating intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Sump intake | Sump intake]]</div>

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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Catchment and storage dams|Catchment and <br>storage dams]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Tyrolean weir | Tyrolean weir]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Road runoff harvesting | Road runoff harvesting]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Micro hydropower | Micro hydropower]]</div>

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===Field experiences===

These projects may be utilizing surface water harvesting techniques and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].

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~~|'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [http://www.akvo.org/rsr/project/476/ Ensure access to safe water and sanitation]~~

Salinity, arsenic, lack of proper IWRM, and incidence of natural disasters in the three districts of the Southwest coastal belt of Bangladesh cause a lot of socioeconomic and health related problems. The programme is right-based and strengthens knowledge and capacity of community WASH groups as well as local government institutions. As problems are multifaceted, the programme uses a multi-pronged strategy and facilitates partnership with existing institutional stakeholders relevant for WASH sector.

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~~|'''Akvo RSR Project:''' [http://wandelenvoorwater2014.akvoapp.org/en/project/644/ Rwenzori Integrated School WASH Project]~~

HEWASA and JESE will jointly implement this 3-years school WASH program in Kabarole district in the West of Uganda. Not only 24 schools will be supplied with WASH facilities (Rainwater Harvesting Tanks, Ecosan Latrines and Handwashing facilities) but 72 surrounding communities will be included for household latrine construction through CLTS, hygiene and health education and promotion.

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===Surface water links===

* [~~http~~https://www.~~hpscste~~ircwash.~~gov.in~~org/~~rwh~~resources/~~Blue_Drop_Series_02_~~rainwater-harvesting-and-~~_Capacity_Building.pdf~~ utilisation-book-2-beneficiaries-and-capacity-builders Rainwater Harvesting and ~~Utilisation.~~Utilization] Blue Drop Series: Book 2: Beneficiaries & Capacity Builders. UN-HABITAT.

* CARE Nederland, ''Desk Study Resilient WASH systems in drought prone areas''. October 2010.

* Large wiki on water use for agriculture: [http://web.archive.org/web/20151025174729/http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in:80/ Agropedia]

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