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Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Rooftop rainwater harvesting

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[[Image:Rainwater_harvesting_icon.png|right|100px|]]

The flow of water can be intercepted in different ways. Different catchment types are used, such as roof catchment, paved surface catchment, surface catchment and riverbed catchment. The cheapest storage of all is to use the ground as storage area, a technique called groundwater recharge. It is accomplished by letting rainwater infiltrate in the ground. The recharge will locally lead to a higher water table, from which water can be pumped up when needed. Whether the infiltrated water raises the water table in a local area or is spread across a wider area depends on soil conditions.

If using storage tanks, structures made with ferrocement or brick-cement are the best and cheapest options, and they can be made locally. When a water tank is below ground, it is called a cistern. Among the different storage types are the [[underground tank]], [[ferro-cement Classical ferrocement tank | ferrocement tank]], [[plastic-lined tank]], etc. The size of the tank is a compromise between cost, the volume of water used, the length of the dry season, etc. It is advisable to first construct a small tank before attempting a large one. Storage tanks can additionally be filled up using pumps. Several pump systems can be used to lift the water from underground tanks, for example with a [[rope pump]] or with a [[deep well pump]], which can elevate water up to a height of 30 m.

====Keeping the water clean====

====The EMAS filtration system ====

[[Image:rainwater capture2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Two houses are connected to a rainwater capture unit, then a spout provided from the tank. Photo: [http://ispafrica.org/gallery-water.html Insieme Si Puo' in Africa]]]

The EMAS system for rainfall collection uses various EMAS technologies as well as simple tools to convert rainwater into usable drinking water. If roof rainwater is being used, it is collected through a regular gutter. To filter the water, at the bottom of the gutter, a pitcher or ferrocement tank is placed, with an outlet pipe. A synthetic cloth bag is attached to the rim of the pitcher using an iron ring or wire, which fits around the edge. The bag should be cleaned every 3 months.

As water begins to collect, to avoid too much garbage collecting here, first some amount of water is deflected, along with most of the garbage. Hereafter, water can be directly sent to an [[EMAS Cisterncistern]]. It is advisable for multiple cisterns to be available for storage, depending on the size of the roof. Connect one cistern at a time to the outlet pipe. From here water can be pumped and distributed using a regular EMAS pump. The pump can also be connected to faucets and tanks around the house.

====Maintenance====

The following projects utilize rooftop rainwater harvesting.

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{{RSR_table|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 100%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"|- style="vertical-align: top"|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]|1image- style="vertical-align: bottom"|[[Image:project 790.jpg |1linkthumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/en/project/790/ |1project#=RSR Project 790 |1project name=]<br>WaSH program in <br>Rural Bangladesh </center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/en/project/790/]] |2image=[[Image:project 440.jpg |2linkthumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/en/project/440/ |2project#=RSR Project 440 |2project name=]<br>Raising awareness on rainwater harvesting </center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/en/project/440/ ]] |3image=project 439[[Image: rainwater harvesting for green schools.jpg |3linkthumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsren/project/4392618/ |3project#=439 |3project name=Wetland Management RSR Project 2618]<br>& Water Harvesting |Rainwater for Green Schools Initiative</center></font>|4image=project 440.jpg |4linklink=http://wwwrsr.akvo.org/rsren/project/4402618/ |4project#=440 |4project name=Raising awareness on rainwater harvesting |]] |5image=[[Image:project 107.jpg |5linkthumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/en/project/107/ |5project#=RSR Project 107 |5project name=]<br>Rainwater harvesting in Guinee Bissau </center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/en/project/107/ ]] |}} 

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===Manuals, videos, and links===

 

====Manuals====

* Download the book [http://www.ircircwash.nlorg/pageresources/37471 roofwater-harvesting-handbook-practitioners "Roofwater Harvesting: A Handbook for Practitioners"] from the IRC website.

* Booklet [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/169828 Smart Water Harvesting Solutions]

* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R.spread.pdf Smart 3R Solutions]

====Videos====

{{#ev:youtube|sHppepLP-pk|200|left|<center><font size="3">Rainsong video</font></center>}}

{|style="border: 1px solid #fofofo; font-size: 125%"

====External links====

* [http://www.rainfoundation.org Rainwater Harvesting Implementation Network (RAIN)]

* [http://practicalaction.org/energy/waterrainwater-andharvesting-sanitation/rainwater_harvesting 8 Rainwater Harvesting information on Practical Action]

* [http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org Indian website on rainwater harvesting ]

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting Wikipedia article on rainwater harvesting]

* [http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/dtu/rwh Rainwater Harvesting info on the DTU unit of University of Warwick]

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20100112111544/http://www.unep.org:80/depi/rainwater / Rainwater Partnership ]* [http://wwwcseindia.org/content/catch-water-where-it-falls-toolkit-urban-rainwater-toolkit.net/ harvesting Catch Water Where It Falls - Toolkit on Urban Rainwater ToolkitHarvesting]

* [[Solution_of_the_week_5|Akvo solution of the week 5]]

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