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Construction, operations and maintenance
* Timing is important: dams should be built during the dry season, but don’t build dams too close to the rains in order to avoid dam being washed away.
The dam can be made from rocks of various sizes (boulders, cobbles, stones, large gravel) that are found in and around the riverbed. In Pakistan, rocks of 200mm diameter were used. In Balochistan, the rocks are held within wire mesh nets that are built in 5 steps to total height of 4.9 metres. The exact height of the dam will vary and depend on the riverbed topography. A reinforced concrete cut-off 1.5 metres deep with 2 metre toes on both sides of the dam ensure stability. To prevent the water behind the dam percolating too quickly, it helps to put adjustable sheets filled with small size gravel on the upstream side of the dam body. In the event (helps in cases of a drought, reducing water loss with leaky dams is possible. Behind the leaky dam, use adjustable sheets filled with small size gravel on the upstream side of the dam).
==Costs==
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