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sys1=[[Single Pit System|1]]|
sys2=[[Waterless System with Alternating Pits|2]]|
sys3=[[Pour Flush Pit System with Twin Pitswithout Sludge Production|3]]|
sys4=[[Waterless System with Urine Diversion|4]]|
sys5=[[Biogas System|5]]|sys6=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|56]]|sys6sys7=[[Blackwater Treatment System with SewerageEffluent Transport|67]]|sys7sys8=[[Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System|78]]| sys8sys9=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|9]]|
pic=Water_disposal_groundwater_recharge.png|
ApplHousehold=XX|
ManPublic=XX|
Input1=Effluent |Input2= Stormwater|Input3=| Input4=|Input5=|
Output1=- None |Output2= | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|english_link=Water_Disposal_-_Groundwater_Recharge|french_link=Rejet_dans_le_milieu_naturel_/_Recharge_des_nappes|spanish_link=Disposición final de Agua/Recarga de Acuíferos
}}
|[[Image:Water_disposal_groundwater_recharge.png |right|500px]]
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[[Image:Icon_water_disposal_groundwater_recharge.png |right|95px80px]]'''Treated effluent and/or stormwater can be discharged directly into receiving water bodies (such as rivers, lakes, etc.) or into the ground to recharge aquifers.'''
===Design Considerations===
It is necessary to ensure that the assimilation capacity of the receiving water body is not exceeded, i.e. that the receiving body can accept the quantity of nutrients without being overloaded. Parameters such as turbidity, temperature, suspended
solids, BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus (among others) should be carefully controlled and monitored before releasing any water into a natural body. Local authorities should be consulted to determine the discharge limits for the relevant parameters as they can widely vary. For especially sensitive areas, a post-treatment technology (e.g., [[HWTS - Chemical - general|chlorination]], see POST, p. 136) may be required to meet microbiological limits.
The quality of water extracted from a recharged aquifer is a function of the quality of the wastewater introduced, the method of recharge, the characteristics of the aquifer, the residence time, the amount of blending with other waters and the history of the system. Careful analysis of these factors should precede any recharge project.
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{{procontable | pro=
- May provide a ‘drought-proof’ water supply (from groundwater). <br> - May increase productivity of water-bodies by maintaining constant levels. | con=- Discharge of nutrients and micropollutants may affect natural water bodies and/or drinking water. <br> - Introduction of pollutants may have long-term impacts. <br> - R May negatively affect soil and groundwater properties.
}}
==Adequacy=Appropriateness=== The adequacy of discharge into a water body or aquifer will entirely depend entirely on the local environmental conditions and legal regulations. Generally, discharge to a water body is only appropriate when there is a safe distance between the discharge point and the next closest point of use. Similarly, groundwater recharge is most appropriate for areas that are at risk from salt water of saltwater intrusion or aquifers that have a long retention time. Depending on the volume, the point of discharge and/or the quality of the water, a permit may be required.
===Health Aspects/Acceptance=== Generally, cations (Mg2+, K+, NH4 +) and organic matter will be retained within a solid matrix, while other contaminants (such as nitrates) will remain in the water. There are numerous models for the remediation potential of contaminants and microorganisms, but predicting downstream, or extracted water quality for a large suite of parameters is rarely feasible. Therefore, potable and non-potable nonpotable water sources should be clearly identified, the most important parameters modelled and a risk assessment completed. ==Maintenance==
===Operation & Maintenance===
Regular monitoring and sampling is important to ensure compliance with regulations and to ensure public health requirements. Depending on the recharge method, some mechanical maintenance may be required.
==Acknowledgements=References==={{* ARGOSS (2001). [https:Acknowledgements //www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/1926 Guidelines for Assessing the Risk to Groundwater from on-Site Sanitation}}]. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report, CR/01/142, Keyworth, UK.
* ARGOSS Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F. L. and Stensel, H. D. (20012004). Guidelines for assessing the risk to groundwater from on-site sanitationWastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, Metcalf & Eddy, 4th Ed. (Internat. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report, CR/01/142Ed. Available: http://www).worldbankMcGraw-Hill, New York, US.org(Book)
* Seiler, KPWHO (2006). and Gat, JR[https://www. (2007)who. Groundwater Recharge from Run-offint/water_sanitation_health/publications/gsuweg3/en/ Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Infiltration Excreta and PercolationGreywater. SpringerVolume 3: Wastewater and Excreta Use in Aquaculture]. World Health Organization, Geneva, The NetherlandsCH.
* Tchobanoglous, G[http://www., Burton, FLwho. int/water_sanitation_health/publications/guidelines-on-sanitation-and Stensel, HD. (2003). Wastewater Engineering-health/en/ WHO: Treatment Guidelines on sanitation and Reuse, 4th Edition. Metcalf & Eddy, New York.health - 2018]