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This is a water-based system that requires a flush toilet and a Collection and Storage/Treatment technology that is appropriate for receiving large quantities of water. Inputs to the system can include Faeces, Urine, Flushwater, Anal Cleansing Water, Dry Cleansing Materials and Greywater. There are two User Interface technologies that can be used for this system: a [[Pour Flush Toilet | Pour Flush Toilet]] (U.4) or a [[Cistern Flush Toilet | Cistern Flush Toilet]] (U.5). A [[Urinal | Urinal]] (U.3) could additionally be used. The User Interface is directly connected to a Collection and Storage/Treatment technology for the Blackwater that is generated: either a [[Septic Tank | Septic Tank]] (S.9), an [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor | Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ]] (ABR, S.10), or an [[Anaerobic Filter | Anaerobic Filter ]] (S.11) may be used. The anaerobic processes reduce the organic and pathogen load, but the Effluent is still not suitable for direct use. Greywater should be treated along with Blackwater in the same Collection and Storage/Treatment technology, but if there is a need for water recovery, it can be treated separately (this is not shown on the system template). Effluent generated from the Collection and Storage/Treatment can be directly diverted to the ground for Use and/or Disposal through a [[Soak Pit | Soak Pit ]] (D.7) or a [[LeachField | Leach Field]] (D.8). Although it is not recommended, the Effluent can also be discharged into the Stormwater drainage network for [[Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge | Water Disposal/Groundwater Recharge ]] (D.11). This should only be considered if the quality of the Effluent is high and if there is no capacity for onsite infiltration or transportation offsite.
The Sludge that is generated from the Collection and Storage/Treatment technology must be removed and transported for further treatment. The Conveyance
technologies that can be used include [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport | Human-Powered]] (C.2) or [[Motorized Emptying and Transport | Motorized Emptying and Transport]] (C.3). As the Sludge is highly pathogenic prior to treatment, human contact and direct agricultural application should be avoided. The Sludge that is removed should be transported to a dedicated Sludge treatment facility (T.13-T.17). In the event that such a facility is not easily accessible, the Sludge can be discharged to a [[Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank | Transfer Station ]] (C.7). From the Transfer Station it will then be transported to the treatment facility by a motorized vehicle (C.3).
A technology selection tree for Sludge treatment plants is provided in Strande et al., 2014 (see Sector Development Tools, p. 9). (Semi-) Centralized Treatment technologies
(T.1-T.17) produce both Effluent and Sludge, which may require further treatment prior to Use and/ or Disposal. For example, Effluent from a Sludge treatment facility could be co-treated with wastewater in [[Waste Stabilization Pond | Waste Stabilization Ponds ]] (T.5) or [[Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland | Constructed Wetlands ]] (T.7-T.9). Options for the Use and/or Disposal of the treated Effluent include [[Irrigation | Irrigation ]] (D.6), [[Aquaculture Ponds | Fish Ponds ]] (D.9), [[Floating Plant (Macrophyte) Pond | Floating Plant Ponds ]] (D.10) or discharge to a water body (Water Disposal/Groundwater Recharge, D.11). After adequate treatment, Sludge can either be used in agriculture (D.5) or brought to a Storage/Disposal site (D.12).
===Considerations===