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钻井或挖掘井

363 bytes removed, 01:24, 18 May 2016

→‎人工钻井链接

{{Language-box|english_link=Drilling or digging |french_link=Forage ou excavation |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=~~Coming soon~~ 钻井或挖掘井 | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}

获取地下水资源不是一件轻而易举的事情，本节将讲解许多不同类型的钻井方法（钻井深度及费用各不同）。例如，据说非洲的地下水资源比其他大洲更为丰富。尽管如此，使用机器钻井对于大部分非洲人而言费用太高。与使用机器钻井相比，人工钻浅井（最深35米）的费用降低4到10倍。费用降低后，非营利性组织和政府就能钻取更多的水井，同时村民、农民、学校和小型社区可以在私有企业的援助下自主钻取水井。

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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[~~Hand auger~~ 手钻- ~~general~~常规 |手钻–常规]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[~~Hand auger~~ 手钻- ~~Vonder rig~~三脚架钻井机 |手钻- 三脚架钻进机]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[~~Hand auger~~ 手钻- ~~driven wells~~管井 |手钻-管井]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[~~Percussion drilling~~冲击钻井 |冲击钻井]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[~~Percussion - Stone hammer~~冲击钻井 — 石锤法 |冲击钻井-— 石锤法]]</div>

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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[~~Jetting - general|喷射 – 常规~~水力喷射 — 综述]]</div>

|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - EMAS method|喷射 - EMAS 方法]]</div>

|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[~~Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting|~~喷射- 由引擎发动的旋喷]]</div>

|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Rota sludge|除泥 - Rota除泥]]</div>

|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Baptist method|除泥 - Baptist 方法]]</div>

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===~~Field experiences~~实地经验===~~These projects may be utilizing manual digging or drilling and are part of the project listing in~~ 这些工程可能会使用人工挖掘或钻井，并且列在了网站[http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org]的[http://akvo.org/blog/akvo-really-simple-reporting-rsp/ Really Simple Reporting (RSR)|易汇报] ~~on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].~~中。

{{RSR_table

|1image=rsr 703.jpg|1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/703/ |1project#=703|1project name=MWA-LAP: <br>~~Mexico~~墨西哥||2image=rsr 727.jpg|2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/727/|2project#=727|2project name=TESO North ~~School and Community WASH Project~~学校和社区WASH 工程||3image=rsr 397.jpg|3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/397/ |3project#=397|3project name=Eau Hygiène et ~~Assainissement~~Assainissement（水、卫生与污水排放）||4image=rsr 401.jpg|4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/401/ |4project#=401|4project name=Eau, hygiène et ~~assainissement~~assainissement（水、卫生与污水排放）||5image=rsr 473.jpg|5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/ |5project#=473|5project name=Project <br>Water4Tomorrow(明日之水)|

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{{RSR_table

|1image=project 922.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/922/ |1project#=922 |1project name=~~WaterAid Rural <br>~~农村水援助 WASH ~~Project~~ 工程||2image=project 529.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/529/ |2project#=529 |2project name=~~Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project~~ 净水工程 ||3image=project 788.jpg |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/788/ |3project#=788 |3project name=MWA-LAP: <br>~~Nicaragua~~ 尼加拉瓜 ||4image=project 388.jpg |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/388/ |4project#=388 |4project name=WASH ~~Alliance project~~联盟工程, ~~AMREF in Ethiopia~~ 埃塞俄比亚的AMREF ||5image=project 822.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/822/ |5project#=822 |5project name=~~Urban WASH~~ 蒙罗维亚城市WASH II ~~<br>in Monrovia~~ |

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{{RSR_table

|1image=project 933.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/933/ |1project#=933 |1project name=~~Accelerating Sanitation and Water for All 1~~ 加速净水工程1||2image=project 1112.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1112/ |2project#=1112 |2project name=~~Child Friendly <br>School~~ 学校儿童 WASH ~~Project~~ 工程 II ||3image=project 1366.png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1366/ |3project#=1366 |3project name=~~Rural Boreholes and Rehabilitation 1~~ 农村钻井和重建1 ||4image=project 1367.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1367/ |4project#=1367 |4project name=Panta ~~District <br>Rural Water Project 1~~ 区农村水工程1||5image=project 1374.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1374/ |5project#=1374 |5project name=~~Integrated Community Water and Hygiene~~ 社区水卫生综合工程 |

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===~~Manual drilling comparison of methods~~人工钻井方法比较===[[Image: Drilling Method Selection.jpg|thumb|none|600px|~~Drilling Method Selection~~钻井方法选择. ~~Chart~~图表来源: WEDC Loughborough University ~~Leicestershire~~Leicestershire（英国拉夫堡大学）.]]

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===~~Manual drilling links~~人工钻井链接===

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|{{#ev:youtube|_lapu0LB-wM|200|auto|<center>~~How to Professionalize the <br>Manual Drilling Sector in Africa~~ 如何在非洲实现专业化的人工钻井 1</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|l-ftnqIpnJU|200|auto|<center>~~How to Professionalize the <br>Manual Drilling Sector in Africa~~ 如何在非洲实现专业化的人工钻井 2</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|3OsMJ3KGzls|200|auto|<center>~~Professionalizing Manual Drilling~~实现专业化的人工钻井: ~~<br>~~2. ~~Building Capacity~~ 建筑能力(~~English~~英文)</center>}}

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|{{#ev:youtube|ibyj2BlhENo|200|auto|<center>~~Professionlizing Manual Well <br>Drilling~~实现专业化的人工钻井: 4. ~~Mapping~~ 定位 (~~English~~英文)</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|lvfczoIsG4s|200|auto|<center>~~Professionalizing Manual Well <br>Drilling~~实现专业化的人工钻井: 2. ~~Drilling Techniques~~钻井技术</center>}}

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* ~~VIDEO~~视频: [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/~~index.php?option=com_hwdvideoshare&task=viewvideo&Itemid=4&video_id=611 Manual~~ media-gallery/641-manual-drilling -and -pump -installation~~, Madagascar~~-madagascar 人工钻井和水泵安装，马达加斯加] by The Water Channel.* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 ~~Human-Powered Drilling Technologies~~人工钻井技术], Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.* [http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/ihp/nl/cop15/2_Richard_Taylor.pdf ~~Groundwater and climate change in Africa: The Kampala Statement.~~• 非洲地下水和气候变化：坎帕拉宣言] Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.

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===~~Acknowledgements~~鸣谢===* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/04.pdf ~~Understanding Groundwater and Wells in Manual Drilling~~理解人工钻井和地下水]. Unicef.org.

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