<!{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-- table at top of page with logo, picture, Application level, Management level, and input-output tables -->box|english_link=Urine Storage Tank / Container|french_link=Réservoir_de_stockage_d’urine|spanish_link=Tanque/Contenedor_para_Almacenamiento_de_Orina|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}|}
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sys1=[[Waterless System with Urine Diversion|4]]|
sys2=[[Biogas System|5]]|sys3=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|89]]|sys3=|
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pic=Urine_storage_tank-container.png|
ApplHousehold=XX|
Input1=Urine|Input2=Faeces |Input3=| Input4= |Input5=|
Output1=Stored urine| Output2=Faeces | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
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|french_link=Réservoir_de_stockage_d’urine
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[[Image:Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png |right|95px]]<br>'''When urine or faeces cannot be used immediately or transported using a Conveyance Technology (i.e. Jerrycans or oil drums) it can be stored onsite in containers or tanks. The Storage Tank must then be moved or emptied into another container for transport. '''---- [[Image:Oil_drums_and_containers.PNG|thumb|right|150px|[[Oil drums and containers |Oil drums and containers]], in Uganda(for credits, click the picture)]] ===Urine===The Storage Tank should be appropriately sized to accommodate the number of users and the time required to sanitise the urine. Urine collected in small containers (up to 20 litres) can be easily transported and used as fertiliser in the household's own vegetable garden. Larger containers, filled with urine have to be collected by a vehicle and can therefore be transported over longer distances.<br>
The storage guidelines for [[Image:Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png |right|80px]]'''When urine correspond to the temperature of storage and the intended crop, but all urine should be stored for at least 1 month (see WHO guidelines for specific storage and application guidelines). Smaller volume Storage Tanks can cannot be used and immediately or transported to another, centralized Storage Tank at, or close to, the point of use using a Conveyance technology (i.e. the farm,[[Jerrycan - tank | Jerrycans]], see C.1), it can be stored onsite in containers or tanks. The storage tank must then be moved or emptied into another container for transport. '''
Mobile Storage Tanks should be plastic or fibreglass[[Image:Oil_drums_and_containers.PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[Oil drums and containers |Oil drums and containers]], in Uganda(for credits, but permanent Storage Tanks can be made of concrete or plastic. Metal should be avoided as it can be easily corroded by click the high pH of stored urine. picture)]]
With The urine storage tank should be appropriately sized to accommodate the number of users and the time, a layer required to sanitize the urine. The storage guidelines for urine correspond to the temperature of organic sludge storage and precipitated minerals the intended crop for which it would be used as fertilizer, but all urine should be stored for at least 1 month before use (primarily calcium see WHO guidelines for specific storage and magnesium phosphatesapplication guidelines) will form on the bottom of the tank. Any tank If a family’s urine is used to fertilize crops for urine storage should have an opening large enough so that their own household consumption only, it can be cleaned and/ or pumped outused directly without storage.
Neither the Storage Tank, nor the collection pipes should Smaller volume storage tanks can be ventilatedused and transported to another centralized storage tank at, but they both need or close to be pressure equalized. If the Storage Tank is emptied using a vacuum truck, the inflow point of air must be maintained at a sufficient rate to ensure that the tank does not implode due to use (i.e., the vacuumfarm).
If ===Design Considerations=== On average, a person generates about 1.2 L of urine a day; however, this quantity may vary significantly depending on the Storage Tank is connected to the toilet climate and fluid consumption. Mobile storage tanks should be made of plastic or urinal directly with a pipefibreglass, care should but permanent ones can be taken to minimize the length comprised of the pipe since precipitates will accumulateconcrete or plastic. If pipes must be used, they Metal should have a steep slope (greater than 1% slope), no sharp angles, large diameters (up to 110mm for underground pipes) and be avoided as it can easily removable in case be corroded by the high pH of blockagesstored urine.
To minimize odoursOver time, a layer of organic sludge and precipitated minerals (primarily calcium and magnesium phosphates) will form on the bottom of the tank . Any tank used for urine storage should have an opening large enough so that it can be filled from cleaned and/or pumped out. Neither the bottomstorage tank, nor the collection pipes should be ventilated to avoid odorous ammonia emissions, i.ebut they both need to be pressure equalized. If the urine should flow down through storage tank is directly connected with a pipe and to the toilet or urinal, care should be released near taken to minimize the bottom length of the tank; this pipe since precipitates will prevent the urine from spraying as well as prevent back-flowaccumulate.
===Faeces===Oil drumsPipes should have a steep slope (> 1%), or half drumsno sharp angles, can and large diameters (up to 110 mm for underground pipes). They should be placed directly beneath a toilet to collect faeceseasily accessible in case of blockages. Ash or other drying material has to To minimize odours and nitrogen loss, the tank should be added regularly to prevent smellsfilled from the bottom, i.e. Toilet paper can also , the urine should flow down through a pipe and be collected in released near the bottom of the tank. This will prevent the urine from spraying and avoid the oil drumbackflow of air.
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="centernone"
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! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages
! style="background:#ffdeadf0f8ff;" | Disadvantages
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| valign="top" |- Simple and robust technology <br>- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials <br>- No electrical energy required Low risk of pathogen transmission <br>- Can Stored urine can be used immediately as a fertilizer <br>
- Small land area required <br>
- Low capital and No or low operating costsif self-emptied| valign="top" |- Mild to strong odour when opening and emptying tank (depending on storage conditions)<br>- May require frequent emptying (depending on tank size)
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<br>==Adequacy=Appropriateness=== Containers Urine storage tanks are not suitable most appropriate where there is a need for nutrients from fertilizer for agriculture which can be supplied by the collection of mixed stored urine and excreta. Collection When there is no such need, the urine can become a source of oil drums pollution and containers at community level has to a nuisance. Urine storage tanks can be made functioning beforehand and measures have to used in virtually every environment; tanks should be taken well-sealed to guarantee hygienic safety. Sizes preventleaks, infiltration and weights must be manageablenitrogen loss. Long-term Urine storage is tanks can be installed indoors, outdoors, above ground and below ground depending on the best way to sanitize urine without the addition of chemicals or mechanical processesclimate, space available, and soil.
Urine Storage Tanks can be used in virtually every environment; tanks should be well===Health Aspects/Acceptance=== Long-sealed term storage is the best way to prevent leaks, infiltration and evaporationsanitize urine without the addition of chemicals or mechanical processes. The risk of disease transmission from stored urine is low. Urine Storage Tanks can be installed indoors, outdoors, above ground and below ground depending on the climate, space available, and soilExtended storage with storage times greater than 6 months provides near complete sanitization.
==Health Aspects / Acceptance=Operation & Maintenance===The risk If the storage tank is emptied using a vacuum truck (see C.3), the inflow of air must be maintained at a sufficient rate to ensure that the tank does not implode due to the vacuum. A viscous sludge will accumulate on the bottom of disease transmission from stored thestorage tank. When the storage tank is emptied, the sludge will usually be emptied along with the urine , but if a tap is lowused and the tank is never fully emptied, it may require desludging. Extended The desludging period will depend on the composition of the urine and the storage conditions. Mineral and salt build-up in the tank or in connecting pipes can be manually removed (sometimes with storage times greater than 6 months provides near complete sanitationdifficulty) or dissolved with a strong acid (24% acetic).
==Maintenance= Manual, videos, and links ===A viscous sludge will accumulate * [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/guidelines-on the bottom of the Storage Tank. When the Storage Tank is emptied, the sludge will usually be emptied along with the urine, but if a tap is used -sanitation-and the tank is never fully emptied, it may require desludging. The desludging period will depend -health/en/ WHO: Guidelines on the composition of the urine sanitation and the storage conditions. health - 2018]
Mineral ===References ===* Kvarnström, E., Emilsson, K., Richert Stintzing, A., Johansson, M., Jönsson, H., af Petersens, E., Schönning, C., Christensen, J., Hellström, D., Qvarnström, L., Ridderstolpe, P. and salt buildDrangert, J.-up in the tank or on connecting pipes can be manually removed O. (sometimes with difficulty) or can be dissolved with a strong acid (24% acetic2006). [http://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-Report-Kvarnstrom-UrineDiversion-2006-1.pdf Urine Diversion: One Step Towards Sustainable Sanitation]. Report 2006–1, EcoSanRes: Ecosan Publications Series, Stockholm, SE.
== Movie ==* von Münch, E. and Winker, M. (2011). [http://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-875-giz2011-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components. Overview of Urine Diversion Components Such as Waterless Urinals, Urine Diversion Toilets, Urine Storage and Reuse Systems]. Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, DE.
== Manual - How to build == * WHO (2006). [https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/gsuweg4/en/ Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater. Volume 4: Excreta and Greywater Use in Agriculture]. World Health Organization, Geneva, CH.
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}
==References and external links==
* GTZ (2007). Technical data sheet, urine diversion: Piping and storage. GTZ, Germany. Available: [http://www.gtz.de www.gtz.de]
* Kvarnström, E., et al. (2006). Urine Diversion - One step towards sustainable sanitation. Report 2006-1. Ecosan Res: Ecosan Publication Series, Stockholm. Available: [http://www.ecosanres.org www.ecosanres.org]
* WHO (2006). Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater- Volume 4: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture. WHO, Geneva. Available: [http://www.who.int www.who.int]
* General information about Oil drums and containers [http://www.gtz.de/ecosan www.gtz.de/ecosan ] [http://www.waste.nl www.waste.nl ]
* The Philippines [http://www.caps.ph www.caps.ph ]
* India [http://www.sulabhinternational.org www.sulabhinternational.org ]