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{{Language-box|english_link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water harvesting includes all systems that collect and conserve surface runoff after a rainstorm or in intermittent streams, rivers, or wetlands for storage in open ponds and reservoirs. This can provide water for direct household use (treatment is generally required), irrigation, livestock, and aquaculture. Storage can also be the goal of collecting surface water, whether through open reservoirs or direct infiltration to aquifers below ground. Storing water in an aquifer conserves water better as it prevents evaporation, unlike open reservoir systems.|french_link=Eaux superficielles | spanish_link=Aguas superficiales | hindi_link=वाटर पोर्टल / वर्षाजल संचयन / सतही जल | malayalam_link=ഉപരിതല ജലം | swahili_link=coming soon | korean_link=지표수 | chinese_link=地表水（中文） | indonesian_link=Panen Air Hujan / Air Permukaan | japanese_link= 地表水 }}
Rainwater that is not captured directly, used by agriculture, or absorbed into the ground becomes surface water. '''Surface water''' harvesting includes all systems that collect and conserve surface runoff after a rainstorm or in intermittent streams, rivers, or wetlands for storage in open ponds and reservoirs. This can provide water for direct household use (treatment is generally required), irrigation, livestock, and aquaculture. Storage can also be the goal of collecting surface water, whether through open reservoirs or direct infiltration to aquifers below ground. Storing water in an aquifer conserves water better as it prevents evaporation, unlike open reservoir systems.
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'''Climate change considerations'''<br>
Cement made for water collecting structures, in a time of drought, can be made poorly due to less (or polluted) water used in the cement-making process. Higher heat from climate change will increase evaporation rates in reservoirs, or floods may damage infrastructure and increase runoff volumes. These effects and more are listed and tips are given to adapt the water system to climate change conditions.
<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 5px solid #DEDEDE; padding: 3px;" >{|bordercellpadding="15" cellspacing="0" width="100%"|-|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"||-|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SpringwaterCollecting small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Springwater collection]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:A river intake small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Protected side intake]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:River-bottomIntake.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Floating Intake Diagram.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SumpIntakeDiagram.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Sump intake]]|-|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Springwater collection | Springwater collection]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Protected side intake | Protected side intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake | River-bottom intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake | Floating intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Sump intake | Sump intake]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Catchment dam iconsmall.pngjpg|center|100px|link=http:Water Portal /Rainwater Harvesting /akvo.orgSurface water /wiki/index.php/Catchment_and_storage_damsCatchment and storage dams]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:intake iconTyrolean_weir_small.pngJPG|center|100px|link=http://akvo.orgWater Portal /wikiRainwater Harvesting /index.phpSurface water /Sump_intakeTyrolean weir]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Tyrolean_weir_iconroad runoff small.pngjpg|center|100px|link=http:Water Portal /Rainwater Harvesting /akvo.orgSurface water /wiki/index.php/Tyrolean_weirRoad runoff harvesting]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:woman micro hydro iconsmall.pngjpg|center|100px|link=http:Water Portal /Rainwater Harvesting /akvo.org/wiki/index.phpSurface water /Micro_hydropowerMicro hydropower]]
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|<div classcolspan="center5" style="width:auto; marginbackground-leftcolor:auto; margin-right:auto#efefef;">[[Catchment_and_storage_dams|Catchment and <br>storage dams]]</div>|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sump intake]]</div>|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Tyrolean weir]]</div>|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Micro hydropower]]</div>
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===Field experiences===
These projects may be utilizing surface water harvesting techniques and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].
===Surface water links===* [httphttps://www.hpscste.govircwash.inorg/rwhresources/Blue_Drop_Series_02_rainwater-harvesting-and-utilisation-_Capacity_Building.pdf book-2-beneficiaries-and-capacity-builders Rainwater Harvesting and Utilisation.Utilization] Blue Drop Series: Book 2: Beneficiaries & Capacity Builders. UN-HABITAT.
* CARE Nederland, ''Desk Study Resilient WASH systems in drought prone areas''. October 2010.
* Large wiki on water use for agriculture: [http://web.archive.org/web/20151025174729/http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in:80/ Agropedia]