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Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells

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→‎Rock or wood chip infiltration wells

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[[Image:infiltration wells.png|right|80px]]

[[Image:InfiltrationWell.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Infiltration well in Madagascar. Eric Fewster, BushProof.]]

__NOTOC__ <small-title />Also called interception wells, these '''infiltration wells''' are shallow wells which put (or draw) water into (or from) a natural aquifer outside of a riverbed, but which have a partial lining. They can be used to either drain a catchment area or recharge groundwater, especially where recharge of the aquifer is low due to low rock/soil permeability (the well penetrates through this). Water extraction, however, is a secondary activity, as the water levels will be lower and the amount extracted will be more limited.

Infiltration wells do not have to have a direct inlet (although they can have one). Without an inlet, they can become a larger hole and be filled with porous natural materials to increase the ground's infiltration capacity and, in most cases, have a coiled drain between the soil surface and the underground piping. This coiled drain is perforated to allow water inside where it can flow more quickly out of the drain. It acts as a security for high rainstorm runoff events that might rain too much water to effectively infiltrate into the well or aquifer.

====Rock or wood chip infiltration wells====

[[Image:WoodChipInfiltrationWell.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Infiltration well filled with rock or wood chips - soil not tilled. For more options like this see [httphttps://www.googleagrireseau.comnet/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCYQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agrireseau.qc.ca%2Freferences%2F6%2FFiches_MAPAQreferences/6/Fiches_MAPAQ-AAC_Erosion%2FPuitsdInfiltration_EN_web/PuitsdInfiltration_EN_web.pdf&ei=2OiFT6SyH5HJiQKPpoXmDQ&usg=AFQjCNHB9NNqUldcGONNvh-vZjj2chsjQA&sig2=aX6lmpw7gCOou3UhFHg0RQ Infiltration wells Factsheet].]]

A hole measuring 1 to 1.5 m in diameter and approximately 1 m deep is excavated at the location selected for the infiltration well.

If the well is constructed with rock in sandy or loamy soil, the bottom and sides of the excavation can be covered with a geotextile membrane (of the Texel 7609 or 7612 type). This membrane will prevent lateral clogging by the rock and is attached to the drain with drainage adhesive tape where the drain crosses it. The membrane is cut 30 cm below the surface of the soil if the soil is to be tilled above the well once installation is complete. Otherwise, the membrane can extend up to the soil surface. Note that no geotextile membrane is used in wood-chip wells.

===Manuals, videos and links===

* [http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/well-revival-effort-sees-many-other-benefits Well revival effort sees many other benefits] A community drive to revive wells in Mokhla talab near Udaipur results in water security for longer periods of time as well as making leaders out of women.

* [http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/experiments-community-wells Experiments with 'community wells'] Mobilized farmers in Dhule, Maharashtra, show how communities can use groundwater as a common resource in an organised and collective manner.

* [http://www.agrireseau.qc.ca/references/6/Fiches_MAPAQ-AAC_Erosion/PuitsdInfiltration_EN_web.pdf Infiltration wells Factsheet]. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and the Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ).

* [http://www.samsamwater.com/library/Artificial_groundwater_recharge_for_water_supply_of_medium-size_communities_in_developing_countries.pdf ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE FOR WATER SUPPLY OF MEDIUM-SIZE COMMUNITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.] E.H. Hofkes and J.T. Visscher. December, 1986.

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