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Urine Diverting Flush Toilet

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<title{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-small />box|english_link=Urine_Diverting_Dry_Toilet|french_link=Toilettes_sèches_avec_séparation_d’urine|spanish_link=Retrete_Seco_con_Desvio_de_Orina|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}<!-- table at top of page with logo, picture, and input-output tables. -->|}

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sys1=[[Biogas System|5]]|sys2=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|89]]|sys2=|

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pic=Urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png|

Input1=Urine|Input2=Faeces |Input3=Flushwater| Input4=Dry cleansing material materials |Input5=Anal cleansing water|Output1=UrineBrownwater| Output2=Brownwater Urine | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|english_link=Urine_Diverting_Flush_Toilet|french_link=Toilette_à_chasse_avec_séparation_d’urine|spanish_link=Retrete_de_Tanque_con_Separador_de_Orina

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'''The Urine Diverting Flush Toilet (UDFT) is similar in appearance to a [[Cistern Flush Toilet | Cistern Flush Toilet]] (U.5) except for the diversion in the bowl. The toilet bowl has two sections so that the urine can be separated from the faeces. Both sitting and squatting models exist.''' Urine is collected in a drain in the front of the toilet and faeces are collected in the back. The urine is collectedwithout water, but a small amount of water is used to rinse the urine-collection bowl when the toilet isflushed. The urine flows into a storage tank for further use or processing, while the faeces are flushed withwater to be treated.

When the user sits on the toilet===Design Considerations=== The system requires dual plumbing, i.e., separate piping for urine is collected in a drain in the front and brownwater (where there is no faeces, dry cleansing material and flushing water) . The toilet should be installed carefully with an understanding of how and faeces are collected in the back (where there is water)clogs may occur so that they can be prevented and easily removed. The For the discharge of urine is collected without water, but a small amount of water is plastic pipes should be used to rinse the urine-collection bowl after the user stands upprevent corrosion. The urine flows into a To limit scaling, all connections (pipes) to storage tank for further use or processingtanks should be kept as short as possible; whenever they exist, while the faeces are flushed pipes should be installed with water to at least a 1% slope, and sharp angles (90°) should be treatedavoided. A pipe diameter of 50 mm is sufficient for steep slopes and where maintenance is easy. The system requires dual plumbing Larger diameter pipes (i.e. plumbing > 75 mm) should be used elsewhere, especially for the urine minimum slopes, and for the brownwater)where access is difficult.

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{{procontable | pro=

- Requires less water than a traditional Cistern Flush Toilet.<br> - No real problems with odours if used correctly.<br> - Looks like, and can be used almost like, a Cistern Flush Toilet | con= - Limited availability; can not be built or repaired locally.<br> - High capital and low to moderate costs; operating costs (depending depend on parts and maintenance). <br> - Labour-intensive maintenance. <br> - The toilet is not intuitive; requires education Requires training and acceptance to be used correctly. <br> - Is prone to clogging and misuse. <br> - Requires a constant source of water. <br> - Men usually require a separate Urinal for optimum collection of urine.

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===AdequacyAppropriateness=== A UDFT is adequate when there is enough water for flushing, a treatment technology for the brownwater and a use for the collected urine. To improve diversion efficiency, Urinals (U.3) for men are recommended. UDFTs are suitable for public and private applications, although significant training and awareness is required in public settings to ensure proper use and minimize clogging.

The toilet should be installed carefully with an understanding of how and where clogs may occur so that they can be easily removed. A UDFT is adequate when there is a limited supply of water for flushing, a treatment technology for the brownwater (i.e. faeces, dry cleansing material and flushing water) and a use for the collected urine. To improve diversion efficiency, Urinals for men are recommended. UDFTs are suitable for public and private applications although significant education and awareness is required in public settings to ensure proper use and to minimize clogging. This Since this technology requires dual plumbing (separate pipes for urine and brownwater)collection, which the plumbing is more complicated than plumbing for Cistern Flush Toilets. Particularly, the proper design and installation of the urine pipes is crucial, and requires expertise.

===Health Aspects/Acceptance===

Information cards and/or diagrams are essential for ensuring proper use and for promoting acceptance; if users understand why the urine is being separated, they will be more willing to use the UDFT properly. Correct plumbing will ensure that there are no odours.

Information cards and/or diagrams are essential for ensuring proper use and for promoting acceptance; if users understand wh Ythe urine is being separated they will be more willing to use the UDFT properly. Proper plumbing will ensure that there are no odours. ===Operation & Maintenance===  As with any toilet, proper cleaning is important to keep the bowl(s) clean and prevent organic residues and stains from forming. Because urine is collected separately, calcium- and magnesium-based minerals and salts can precipitate out and build up in the fittings and pipes. Washing the bowl with a mild acid (e.g., vinegar) and/or hot water can prevent the build-up of mineral deposits; stronger and scaling. Stronger (>24 % acetic) acid or a caustic soda solution (2 parts water to 1 part soda) can be used for removing blockages however. However, in some cases manual removal may be required periodically. To limit scaling, all connections (pipes) to storage tanks should be kept as short as possible; whenever the Yexist, pipes should be installed with at least a 1 % slope and sharp (90°) angles should be avoided. Larger diameter pipes (75mm for low maintenance and 50mm for higher maintenance) should be used.

===Manuals, videos and links===

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20150331190748/http://www.wsp.org/hwws-toolkit/hwws-tk-home Handwashing with Soap Toolkit]

===References===* Kvarnström, E., Emilsson, K., Richert Stintzing, A., Johansson, M., Jönsson, H., af Petersens, E., Schönning, C., Christensen, J., Hellström, D., Qvarnström, L., Ridderstolpe, P. and Drangert, J.-O. (2006). [https://wwwmediamanager.wspsei.org/hwwsdocuments/Publications/SEI-Report-Kvarnstrom-toolkit/hwwsUrineDiversion-tk2006-home?utm_source=Newsletter_May_2013&utm_campaign=Wasrag+February+2013Newsletter&utm_medium=email Handwashing with Soap Toolkit1.pdf Urine Diversion: One Step Towards Sustainable Sanitation]. Report 2006–1, EcoSanRes: Ecosan Publications Series, Stockholm, SE.

===References===* Larsen, T. A. and Lienert, J. (2007). [http://www.novaquatis.eawag.ch/publikationen/final_report_E.pdf Novaquatis Final Report. NoMix – A New Approach to Urban Water Management]. Eawag, Dübendorf, CH.

* GTZ von Münch, E. and Winker, M. (19992011). [http://www.gtzsusana.de Technical data sheets for ecosan components: Urine org/_resources/documents/default/2-875-giz2011-en-technology-review-urine-diversion Toilets]. GTZ, Germanypdf Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components. Provides a thorough comparison Overview of the Flush Urine Diversion Components Such as Waterless Urinals, Urine Diversion Toilets with , Urine diversion currently on the marketStorage and Reuse Systems]. Information includes contact information and pricing as well as a description of the installation and maintenance requirementsGesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, DE.

* KvarnströmWinker, EM.and Saadoun, et alA. (20062011). [httphttps://www.ecosanressusana.org /_resources/documents/default/2-63-en-susana-cs-germany-eschborn-haus1-16122011-docx.pdf Urine Diversion and Brownwater Separation at GTZ Main Office Building Eschborn, Germany – One step towards sustainable sanitationCase Study of Sustainable Sanitation Projects]. Report 2006–1. Ecosan Res: Ecosan Publication SeriesSustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), Eschborn, StockholmDE.

===Acknowledgements===

{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}

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