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Subsurface harvesting systems

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{{Language-box|english_link= Subsurface harvesting systems | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=地下集水系统 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}__NOTOC__ <small-title />

[[Image:subsurface harvesting systems.png|right|80px]]

[[Image:SubsurfaceDamSite.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Subsurface dam being built out of clay soil across a sandy riverbed in Kitui, Kenya, 2007. They are working in the dry season; note the riverbank is much higher than they are working. Photo: [http://www.waterforaridland.com/publications/Book8/book8chapter6.asp Water for Arid Land.]]]

The use of subsurface dams in naturally occurring alluvium creates groundwater storage upstream of the dam, raising the water table and preventing evaporation losses. These are structures that reduce or stop the flow of shallow groundwater. A subsurface dam is constructed across a valley in a seasonally dry, sandy riverbed, by digging a trench down to the bedrock or other impervious layer (clay) at the base of the river. The dam, which is placed in the trench, may consist of a wall or screen and covered with excavated material until it is completely concealed. The refill material must be properly compacted. There are two types of groundwater dams: a subsurface dam (which is explained here) and a [[sand dam]]. A subsurface dam is the easier one to build of the two. The structure is built inside an existing riverbed, so that after a flooding event, for example, water is increased due to a new and higher water level within the sand.

===Manuals, videos, and links===

* [http://www.wateraidsswm.orginfo/uksites/what_we_dodefault/sustainable_technologiesfiles/technology_notesreference_attachments/247WATERAID%202008%20Technology%20Notes.asp pdf Technology Notes: Subsurface Dams]- Section 11. Water Aid.* [http://www.waterforaridland.com/publicationsBooks/Book8/book8chapter6Subsurface%20dams%20for%20water%20storage.asp Chapter 6: Community Water Projectspdf Subsurface dams for water storage in dry riverbeds]. Scroll down to the section, 6.2 Subsurface Dams. Waterforaridland.com.

===Acknowledgements===

* Brikke, François, and Bredero, Maarten. [http://www.washdocircwash.infoorg/docsearchresources/title/117705 linking-technology-choice-operation-and-maintenance-context-community-water-supply-and Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation: A reference document for planners and project staff] or ([http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/om/wsh9241562153/en/ alternative link]). World Health Organization and IRC Water and Sanitation Centre. Geneva, Switzerland 2003.

* [http://docswww.watsanircwash.netorg/Downloaded_Filesresources/PDF/NWPsmart-water-harvesting-solutions-examples-innovative-low-cost-technologies-rain-2007fog-Smart%20water%20harvesting.pdf runoff Smart Water Harvesting Solutions: Examples of innovative, low cost technologies for rain, fog, and runoff water and groundwater.] (or [http://www.arcworld.org/downloads/smart%20water%20harvesting.pdf alternative link]) Netherlands Water Partnership, Aqua for All, Agromisa, et al. 2007.

* CARE Nederland, Desk Study: [[Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas]]. October 2010.

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