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====Baptist drilling====
The Baptist method was developed in Africa and Bolivia by Terry Waller, a North American Baptist missionary. It is based on the ancient <a href="http://www.akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Sludging_[[Sludging -_Asian_sludge">Asian_sludge|Asian Sludge method</a>]], which has been practiced for millennia in Asia. In Bolivia, some 3000 wells have been drilled with the Baptist method. Baptist well drilling is used in Bolivia, Nicaragua, Kenya, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Cameroon, Zambia and Sri Lanka.
A Baptist drilling rig consists of wooden poles holding up a pulley with a rope. The drill stem consists of lightweight PVC pipes, with the last three meters made of steel pipe, ending in a drill bit. A number of people pull the rope, which causes the drill stem to go up and down in the borehole, drilling an open hole down into the aquifer. No casing is used - the borehole is kept filled with water and the resulting pressure keeps the hole open. When the borehole is deep enough, a casing is installed. A Baptist drilling rig, fit to drill holes up to 30 m deep, can be built in Bolivia for about US$150.