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|style="width:50%;"|{{santable_new|
sys1=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|56]]|sys2=[[Blackwater Treatment System with SewerageEffluent Transport|67]]|
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pic=Septic_tank.png|
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Input1=Blackwater|Input2=GreywaterBrownwater|Input3=Greywater| Input4= |Input5=|Output1=Faecal SludgeEffluent |Output2=Effluent Sludge | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|english_link=Septic_Tank|french_link=Fosse_Septique|spanish_link=Fosa_Septica
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|[[Image:Septic_tank.png |right|300px500px]]
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[[Image:Icon_septic_tank.png |right|95px80px]][[Image:Aqua_privyss.PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[Aqua privy |Aqua privy]]]]'''A Septic Tank septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, for the storage and treatment of through which blackwater and greywaterflows for primary treatment. Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and organics, but the treatment is only moderate.''' A Septic Tank should typically have at least two chambers. The first chamber should be at least 50% of the total length and when there are only two chambers, it should be 2/3 of the total length. Most of the solids settle out in the first chamber. The baffle, or the separation between the chambers, is to prevent scum and solids from escaping with the effluent. A T-shaped outlet pipe will further reduce the scum and solids that are discharged. Liquid flows into the tank and heavy particles sink to the bottom, while scum (oil and fat) floats to the top. With time, the solids that settle to the bottom are degraded anaerobically. However, the rate of accumulation is faster than the rate of decomposition, and the accumulated sludge must be removed at some point. Generally, Septic Tanks should be emptied every 2 to 5 years, although they should be checked yearly to ensure proper functioning. The design of a Septic Tank depends on the number of users, the amount of water used per capita, the average annual temperature, the pumping frequency and the characteristics of the wastewater. The retention time should be designed for 48 hours to achieve moderate treatment. ==Aqua privy==
<br>Liquid flows through the tank and heavy particles sink to the bottom, while scum (mostly oil and grease) floats to the top. Over time, the solids that settle to the bottom are degraded anaerobically. However, the rate of accumulation is faster than the rate of decomposition, and the accumulated sludge and scum must be periodically removed. The effluent of the septic tank must bedispersed by using a [[Image:Aqua_privyssSoak Pit]] (D.PNG|thumb|right|150px|7) or [[Aqua privy |Aqua privyLeach Field]](D.8), or transported to another treatment technology via a [[Solids-free Sewer| Solids-Free Sewer]](C.5). Generally, the removal of 50% of solids, 30 to 40% of BOD and a 1-log removal of E. coli can be expected in a well-designed and maintained septic tank, although efficiencies vary greatly depending on operation and maintenance and climatic conditions.
===Design Considerations=== A variation septic tank should have at least two chambers. The first chamber should be at least 50% of the Septic Tank is called an aqua privytotal length, which is a simple storage and settling tank located directly below when there are only two chambers, it should be two thirds of the toilet, so that total length. Most of the excreta fall into solids settle out in the tankfirst chamber. A housing The baffle, or shed the separation between the chambers, is built over to prevent scum and solids from escaping with the tankeffluent. A vent T-shaped outlet pipe with a fly screen at further reduces the top end scum and solids that are discharged. Accessibility to all chambers (through access ports) is attached to the housingnecessary for maintenance.
A variation of the septic tank is called an [[Aqua privy | Aquaprivy]]. This is a simple storage and settling tank that is located directly below the toilet so that the excreta fall into it. The Aquaprivy has a low treatment efficiency.
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{{procontable | pro=
- Can be built Simple and repaired with locally available materials. <br> - Long service life. robust technology<br> - No real problems with flies or odours if used correctly. electrical energy is required<br> - Low capital costs, moderate operating costs depending on water and emptying. <br> - Small land area required. Long service life<br> - No electrical energy Small land area required. (can be built underground)| con=- Low reduction in pathogens, solids and organics. <br> - Regular desludging must be ensured<br>- Effluent and sludge require secondary further treatment and/or appropriate discharge. <br> - Requires constant source of water.
}}
==Adequacy=Appropriateness=== This technology is most commonly applied at the household level. Larger, multi-chamber septic tanks can be designed for groups of houses and/ or public buildings (e.g., schools). A septic tank is appropriate where there is a way of dispersing or transporting the effluent. If septic tanks are used in densely populated areas, onsite infiltration should not be used, otherwise, the ground will become oversaturated and contaminated, and wastewater may rise up to the surface, posing a serious health risk. Instead, the septic tanks should be connected to some type of Conveyance technology, through which the effluent is transported to a subsequent Treatment or Disposal site.
Septic Tanks tanks can be installed in every type of climate , although the efficiency will be affected lower in colder climates. Even though the Septic Tank is watertight, it should not be constructed in areas with high groundwater tables or where there is frequent flooding. Aquaprivies can be built indoors and above ground and They are appropriate for rocky or flood-prone areas where pits or other technologies would not be appropriate. However, because they require frequent emptying efficient at removing nutrients and constant maintenance, they are only recommended for very specific applicationspathogens.
===Health Aspects/Acceptance== = Under normal operating conditions, users do not come in contact with the influent or effluent. Effluent, scum and sludge must behandled with care as they contain high levels of pathogenic organisms. Users should be careful when opening the tank becausenoxious and flammable gases may be released.
==Upgrading=Field experiences===<br>{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 40%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"A Septic Tank that is connected to a <!--rsr logo here-->|- style="vertical-align: top"|[[Leach FieldImage:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]] or a <!--project blocks here-->|- style="vertical-align: bottom"|[[Soak PitImage:rsr 727.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/727/ RSR Project 727]<br>TESO North School and Community WASH Project</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/727/ ] can later be connected to a ] |[[Solids-free SewerImage:project 195.png |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/195/ RSR Project 195]] if<br>Basic Sanitation <br>for Loja Province</center></when one is installed. font>|link==Maintenance== Septic Tanks should be checked to ensure that they are watertight and the levels of the scum and sludge should be monitored to ensure that the tank is functioning wellhttp://rsr. Because of the delicate ecology, care should be taken not to discharge harsh chemicals into the Septic Tank. The sludge should be removed annually using a vacuum truck to ensure proper functioning of the Septic Tankakvo.org/project/195/ ]] |}
==References=Manuals, videos, and links===This [http://wiki.watermissions.org/(X(1)S(x3fkdoq5xqskutjl4j4gkmid))/GetFile.aspx?Page=Simple%20Excreta%20and%20Washwater%20Disposal%20SAN1&File=san1d4.pdf document] lists the specifications that need to be met for a succesful Aqua Privy.
* PolprasertMara, CD. and Rajput, VSD. (19821996). [http://docs.watsan.net/Scanned_PDF_Files/Class_Code_3_Sanitation/323.2-82SELow-884.pdf Environmental Cost Urban Sanitation Reviews: Septic Tank and Septic Systems](Book). Environmental Sanitation Information CenterWiley, BangkokChichester, AITUK. (Sizing, Thailand. pp 68–74. Comprehensive volume and emptying calculations and exampledesign manual.solutions – Chapter 6)
* Sasse, L. Oxfam (19982008). DEWATS. [httphttps://wwwoxfamilibrary.indiawaterportalopenrepository.orgcom/sitesbitstream/indiawaterportal.orghandle/10546/files126711/Decentralised_%20wastewater_%20treatment_%20in_%20developing_%20countries_A_%20handbook_%20by_%20BORDA_1998tbn9-septic-tank-guidelines-030608-en.pdf Decentralised Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries?sequence=5&isAllowed=y Septic Tank Guidelines. Technical Brief]. BORDAOxfam GB, Bremen Overseas Research and Development AssociationOxford, Bremen, Germany. Excel® Spreadsheet codes for sizing septic tanksUK.
* CritesUlrich, RA. (Ed.), Reuter, S. (Ed.), Gutterer, B. (Ed.), Sasse, L., Panzerbieter, T. and TchobanoglousReckerzügel, GT. (19982009). [httphttps://bookswedc-knowledge.lboro.googleac.comuk/resources/books/about/Small_and_decentralized_wastewater_managDEWATS_-_Chapter_01.html?id=yx9SAAAAMAAJ Small and Decentralized pdf Decentralised Wastewater Management Treatment Systems(DEWATS) and Sanitation in Developing Countries. A Practical Guide]. WCB and McGraw-HillWEDC, Loughborough University, New YorkLeicestershire, USAUK.
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}