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Natural or artificial ground catchment and Lined sub-surface tanks

1 byte removed, 14:52, 6 April 2012

→‎Construction, operations and maintenance

==Construction, operations and maintenance==

The reason for constructing a sub-surface tank is to retain store the water. Therefore one of the most important aspects is that seepage and cracks must be avoided. Therefore good quality construction work with adequate supervision is vital to create a sound structure – this is especially important in areas with swelling soils that can affect the integrity of the lining. While ownership and management of tanks is important, such privately-owned tanks have often failed due just to the technical construction component. Construction materials vary and include the natural soil formation itself, clay, stone masonry, bricks/cement, ferrocement, anthill/lime/cement and plastic/rubber lining. Material may affect cost but choice may also depend on what is available and the type of surrounding soil. To generally prevent cracking/seepage:

* Round tanks are inherently stronger than rectangular ones. Hemispherical and cylindrical designs are commonly used.

* Type of tank will vary depending on the swelling ability of the surrounding soil – a problem in clay areas, but type of clay is more important – montmorilonite, calcium-containing clays (in marls/gypsum sediments) and black cotton soils are all prone to swelling and can crack sub-surface tank walls that are not built robustly enough. Therefore it is important to construct the right type of tank for the area. When in doubt, avoid making sub-surface ferrocement or anthill/lime/cement tanks in unstable soil.

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