Akvopedia-spade, akvouser, bot, bureaucrat, emailconfirmed, smwadministrator, smwcurator, susana-working-group-susana-member, administrator, widget editor
697
edits
Changes
→References
{|width="100%"
|style="width:50%;"|{{santable_new|
sys1=[[Waterless System with Alternating Pits|2]]|
sys2=[[ Pour Flush Pit System without Sludge Production|3]]|
sys3=|
sys4=|
sys7=|
sys8=|
sys9=|
pic=Application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|
ApplHousehold=XX|
ManShared=XX|
ManPublic=X|
Input1=Compost/EcoHumus |Input2= Pit Humus |Input3= | Input4= |Input5=|Output1=- Biomass |Output2= | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|english_link=Application_of_Compost_-_Eco-Humus|french_link=Application_du_Compost_(Eco-Humus)|spanish_link=Aplicación_de_Composta/EcoHumus
}}
|[[Image:Application_of_compost_eco_humus.png |right|300px500px]]
|}
<br>
----
<br>
[[Image:Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png |right|95px80px]]'''Decomposed excreta is rich in nutrients (NPK nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium) and organic material. The organic material in compost acts as soil conditioner. It also improves the structure and water holding capacity of sandy soils and adds structure and permeability to clay soils. Composted excreta, on its own or combined with other biodegradable material, enhances the fertility of topsoil.''' Composting is the term used to describe the controlled aerobic degradation of organics into a soil-like substance called compost. ‘EcoHumus’ is a term taken from Peter Morgan (see references) and is a more appropriate word to use for the material removed from a Fossa Alterna because it is produced passively underground and has a slightly different composition.
The process of thermophilic composting generates heat (50 to 80°C80 °C) which kills the majority of pathogens present. For the The composting process to occur there must be requires adequate carbon, nitrogen, moisture, and air. The [[Double Ventilated Improved Pit|Double VIP]] (S.4), [[Fossa Alterna|Fossa Alterna]] and (S.5) or [[Fill and Cover - ArborlooTwin Pits for Pour Flush|ArborlooTwin Pits for Pour Flush]] (S.6) are ambient -temperature variations of high-temperature composting. In these technologies, there is almost no increase in temperature rise because vegetable matter is lackingthe conditions in the pit (oxygen, moisture, C:N ratio) are not optimized for composting processes to take place. For that reasonBecause of this, the end material is not actually ‘compost’ and is , therefore , referred to as ‘EcoHumus’‘pit humus’. The texture and quality of the pit humus depends on the materials which have been added to the excreta (e.g., soil added to a Fossa Alterna) and the storage conditions.
{{procontable | pro=
- Potential Can improve the structure and water-holding capacity of soil and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers <br>- May encourage income generation (improved yield and productivity of plants). <br> - Low risk of pathogen transmission. <br> - Can improve soil conditions such as the structure and water-holding capacity of soil. <br>Compost reduces the need for artificial fertilizer.<br> - Simple technique for all users. <br> - Low cost. costs | con=- Requires May require a year or more of maturation. <br> - Does not replace fertilizer (N, P, K).Social acceptance may be low in some areas <br>-Cultural taboos could hinder use. <br>-Health precautions always need to be considered when applying compost enriched with excreta.
}}
==Adequacy=Appropriateness===Compost/EcoHumus and pit humus can be beneficially used to improve the quality of soil. They add nutrients and organics and improve the soil’s ability to store air and water. They can be mixed into the soil before crops are planted, used to start seedlings or indoor plants , or simply mixed into an existing compost pile for further treatment. Vegetable gardens filled with pit humus from the Fossa Alterna have shown dramatic improvements over gardens planted without soil conditioner. The use of pit humus has even made agriculture possible in areas which otherwise would not have supported crops.
==External Links=Manuals, videos, and links===
* General information about Compost as soil conditioner [http://www.ecosanres.org www.ecosanres.org]
* [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/guidelines-on-sanitation-and-health/en/ WHO: Guidelines on sanitation and health - 2018] ===References===* Del Porto, D. and Steinfeld, C. (1999). The Composting Toilet System Book. A Practical Guide to Choosing, Planning and Maintaining Composting Toilet Systems, an Alternative to Sewer and Septic Systems. The Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention (CEPP), Concord, MA, US. (Book) * Jenkins, J. (2005). [http://skrconline.net/content/images/stories/documents/Humanure_Handbook_all.pdf The Humanure Handbook. A Guide to Composting Human Manure]. 3rd Ed. Jenkins Publishing, Grove City, PA, US. * Morgan, P. R. (2004). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/986 An Ecological Approach to Sanitation in Africa. A Compilation of Experiences]. Aquamor, Harare, ZW.
* Del PortoMorgan, DP. and Steinfeld, CR. (19992007). The Composting Toilet System Book[https://www.susana. A Practical Guide to Choosing, Planning org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and Maintaining Composting Toilet Systems-publications/library/details/195 Toilets That Make Compost. Low-Cost, Sanitary Toilets That Produce Valuable Compost for Crops in an Alternative to Sewer and Septic SystemsAfrican Context]. The Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention (CEPP)Stockholm Environment Institute, MassachusettsStockholm, USASE. pp. 81-90.
* JenkinsMorgan, JP. R. (19992009). The Humanure Handbook[https: a Guide to Composting Human Manure//www.susana. (2nd edorg/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/989 Ecological Toilets.)Start Simple and Upgrade from Arborloo to VIP]. Jenkins Publishing, Grove CityStockholm Environment Institute, PaStockholm, USA. Available: http://www.jenkinspublishingSE.com
* Morgan, P. NWP (20042006). An Ecological Approach to Sanitation in Africa[https: A Compilation of Experiences//www. Aquamor, Harare, Zimbabwesusana. Available: http:org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/www989 Smart Sanitation Solutions. Examples of Innovative, Low-Cost Technologies for Toilets, Collection, Transportation, Treatment and Use of Sanitation Products].ecosanresNetherlands Water Partnership, The Hague, NL.org
* MorganStrande, PL. (2007), Ronteltap, M. Toilets that make compostand Brdjanovic, D. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden(Eds. pp 81–90) (2014). Available: http[https://www.ecosanressusana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/3591 Faecal Sludge Management. Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation]. IWA Publishing, London, UK. (Detailed book compiling the current state of knowledge on all aspects related to FSM)
* NWP WHO (2006). Smart Sanitation Solutions[https://www. Examples who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/gsuweg4/en/ Guidelines for the Safe Use of innovativeWastewater, low-cost technologies for toilets, collection, transportation, treatment Excreta and Greywater. Volume 4: Excreta and use of sanitation productsGreywater Use in Agriculture]. Netherlands Water PartnershipWorld Health Organization, The Netherlands. pp 49Geneva, CH.
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}