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==== '''''2.1 Lessons on ICZM from Bangladesh Delta plan''''' ====The website of the Dutch Water Sector gives a good introduction to the Delta Plan: The DeltaPlan integrates planning from delta-related sectors and from all across the country to come toa holistic plan for the Bangladesh Delta. The Delta Plan will be grounded in a long-term visionof the Delta’s future. This long-term vision, combined with the use of scenarios, allows planningto be adaptive and dynamic by constantly taking into account uncertainties in future developments in e.g. climate change, socio-economic development, population growth and regionalcooperation. The Delta Plan is more than just a one-time planning exercise and aims to providethe foundation for permanent delta governance in Bangladesh through the outlining of a deltaframework. Bangladesh is the largest delta of the world. Its rivers and floodplains, which make up 80% ofthe country, support life, livelihoods and the economy. Bangladesh is a rapidly developingcountry, envisaging to be a middle-income country in 2021. The country faces major inter-related delta challenges in water safety, food security and socio-economic development and isprone to natural calamities such as floods, cyclones, and droughts. There is already high pressure on the available land and water resources in the delta<ref>https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/bangladesh-delta-plan-2100</ref>..As stated Bangladesh is a large delta and faces many coastal issues. To create the Delta Planadaptive delta management principles were applied. These principles are<ref>https://edepot.wur.nl/508029</ref>.:
1. Holistic analysis of challenges and knowledge gaps in relation to multisectoral planning
2. Considering main external trends and drivers and related uncertainties
3. Connecting short term action / investments with long term vision and higher levelpolicies policies4. Elaborating alternative adaptation pathways (and checking for possible tippingpoints)
5. Avoiding over and under investment
6. Connecting public and private (investment) agenda’s
7. Developing institutional framework for the mainstreaming of the Bangladesh Delta plan The principles of Adaptive Delta management directly apply to Integrated Coastal Zone Management. The use of a long term vision allows for a clear point on the horizon. Furthermore scenario-planning makes sure that different possibilities related to uncertainties are accounted for, making sure there are no over or under investments. Also to implement the Bangladesh Delta Plan capacity development was needed in several fields: The administrative capacity, connective and organization capacity, knowledge and learning capacity, funding capacity and natural system adaptive capacity. These principles were also applied to the Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Central Java project. ==== '''''2.2 Barcelona Protocol''''' ====
ICZM in Europe has a longstanding history as there was an early understanding of the importance of seas and coastal areas. In 2002, the European Parliament adopted ‘Recommendation on Integrated Coastal Zone Management’ which defines the principles of sound
coastal planning and management. These include the need to base planning on sound and